A hemorrhagic stroke is typically the most deadly and debilitating form of stroke, occurring in nearly two million people every year. Historically, it’s been treated by allowing the brain to bleed until hemorrhaging has subsided, leaving few recovery options for patients. About half of the individuals who suffer a hemorrhagic stroke die within 30 days.

But that could be changing—all thanks to a leading-edge stroke treatment that’s giving patients new hope.

After several years of the ENRICH (Early MiNimally-invasive Removal of ICH) trial, neurosurgeons were able to show positive results with improved outcomes for hemorrhagic stroke patients, and the results were shared at the 2023 American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) annual meeting. The results were presented by representatives from Emory University and the NICO Corporation. Four current Goodman Campbell physicians, led by Dr. Charles G. Kulwin, participated in the trial. It involved 300 stroke patients at 37 treatment centers across the United States.

During the trial, the BrainPath device—a tool used to help surgeons get to the site of bleeding—carefully moved through the delicate folds and fibers of the brain. The BrainPath gently shifts the tissue to create a path to the site of the bleeding. Once there, the Myriad device, an automated suction and resection tool, can remove clotting.

These results were part of a stroke treatment trial in which surgeons hoped to improve the standard of care for hemorrhagic strokes beyond just waiting out the bleed.

“Goodman Campbell was one of the earliest sites and one of the largest contributors to the study,” said Dr. Kulwin. “Our hope is that this will finally take a difficult problem … and provide solid evidence that there is a correct way to manage it surgically.”

“Only a quarter of survivors get back to independence in the months following the stroke. A safe and effective way of operating on a hemorrhage by minimally invasive means has the potential to change the way we give care and save lives.”

We are proud to be part of this historical moment in stroke treatment, and we look forward to using this method to help save and improve the lives of our patients. We also look forward to continuing to find new, innovative ways to advance the field of neurosurgery. You can read more about the clinical trial here.

Goodman Campbell started way back in 1972, with the incorporation of the Indianapolis Neurosurgical Group established by Drs. Julius Goodman and John Russell.

Since then, we’ve pioneered new techniques in Indiana, such as the first microscopic discectomy, the first intracranial tumor embolization, and the first endoscopic placement of a VP shunt.

We’ve transformed ourselves by adding new disciplines—like interventional stroke care, minimally-invasive spinal surgery, interventional pain management, physical therapy, research, and education. We’ve steadily grown both our practice and our reputation, and we’ve never once looked back.   

That is, until now.

This year, Goodman Campbell is turning 50 years old. Reaching that milestone has made us pause and reflect on our first half-century—and we could use your help documenting it.

If you’ve got photos, we’d love to see them. If you’ve got cards or notes, we’ll be glad to read them. If you have recordings, we’d be thrilled to hear them. If you’ve got videos, we can’t wait to watch them. Basically, if you’ve got anything at all that will help us expand our historical archives, we’ll be grateful for your assistance.

Visit our 50^th Anniversary page now to submit your digitized photos or videos—or just to type in a favorite memory.

Don’t have access to a scanner? We’re still interested in what you have to share. Give us a call at 317.396.1300, and we’ll do what we can to make your Goodman Campbell memories last forever.

Until last August, Kelli McLaughlin of Carmel was living her life like normal. She was raising her four children with her husband, Ryan, volunteering for different causes, and managing two locations of her boutique shop, Clothes With a Cause, which donates proceeds to different charities throughout the year. 

That month, Kelli started noticing odd, neurological symptoms and sensations in her body. She took a trip to the ER in early September and doctors didn’t find anything then. She returned later that month with her husband on their anniversary, because the sensations she was experiencing were very strong and interfering with normal tasks. 

The sensations would be diagnosed as focal seizures, so brain scans were taken and they revealed Kelli had a tumor. Goodman Campbell neurosurgeon Dr. Troy Payner was assigned to Kelli’s case, and after close examination and tests, he delivered the news that she had glioblastoma, a rare brain cancer with no known cure. Ironically, Dr. Payner treated her father for several meningiomas 16 years ago.

“It took me about a month to wrap my head around my new situation. I was in complete disbelief because there were no warning signs whatsoever,” said Kelli. “But Dr. Payner and I instantly hit it off—I liked him when I met him years ago, and I like him now! My entire care team has been wonderful; they are great advocates and have helped me navigate every aspect of this process.”

Glioblastoma, a cancerous and incurable brain tumor, occurs in 3 out of 100,000 United States citizens annually. The median age of those diagnosed is 64.

Goodman Campbell treats roughly 50 cases each year. Symptoms and their severity vary with each person, but in general they include: headaches, seizures, nausea/vomiting, difficulty with speech, blurry vision, weakness on one side, confusion, or lethargy—more on signs, symptoms, and treatments here.

“Glioblastoma is the most common primary tumor to occur in the brain and it’s unfortunately cancerous. Despite tremendous research being done, we don’t have a cure. The goal of all treatments is to control the tumor as long as possible,” said Dr. Payner. 

After the initial removal of the tumor, Kelli elected to start chemotherapy and radiation treatments, and wears an FDA-approved cap that helps slow tumor cells from replicating. Dr. Payner describes her as “an extremely ambitious woman who has an unflappable positive mental attitude.” Kathy Butz, a nurse on her care team, says that Kelli is very involved in her health care decisions, is open about her disease, and has a service-oriented heart.

“I don’t want to quit, I want to live. I’m committed to tackling this head-on, because I don’t see any other options,” Kelli said. “I feel like my purpose here is to make this place better than I found it, and help the next family that experiences something like this.”

All of that shows in Kelli’s drive to help her community, despite her diagnosis and side effects from treatments. Along with her support network of friends and family, she recently organized the first “Kegs ‘N Eggs 5K” fundraising event. In addition to raising awareness for this disease, they successfully collected over $50,000 to help connect families going through a similar situation to available resources and treatments.

“I am so thankful for the great turnout and beautiful weather we had for the First Annual Kelli’s Kegs N Eggs 5K! Glioblastoma research is one of the most under-funded of all cancers, and it is my goal to change this,” said Kelli. “We want to raise awareness of this horrible disease and raise funds to ensure that other families do not have to suffer this terrible blow as we had to. It can be done and I firmly believe that there is a cure on the horizon.”

Jay and his family live in Indianapolis in a house that’s been in the family for several generations. Though his kids have grown, Jay looks back on a life in which sports and physical activity—whether on his own, with friends or with his wife and kids—have played a huge role.

Being active has been important not only physically and socially for Jay, but also mentally. When he’s not able get out and move regularly, it takes an emotional toll. “I need to be active, or I’m no fun to be around,” he said.

Because he’s been so active, he’s had his share of injuries; After battling back trouble on and off for years, Jay had gone six years with no significant problems when suddenly, while sitting on the sofa with his dog Agnes, his right leg went numb, became weak and wouldn’t wake back up.

He sought help from Dr. Mobasser at Goodman Campbell. “Dr. Mobasser sent me for an MRI and X-rays of my back to assess my spine,” Jay said. “It was a wreck. He said I needed to have this surgery, as I was developing nerve damage in my right leg. Dr. Mobasser made it clear that my condition was irreversible without surgery and would continue to get progressively worse. I was facing the rest of my life with a brace on my foot.”

Dr. Mobasser fused five vertebrae and freed up all the nerves being compressed at each of these levels. Having had some experience with knee surgeries, Jay was expecting a tough recovery, and Dr. Mobasser himself warned Jay that the recovery process from a multi-level lumbar spine surgery could be extremely difficult for the first few post-operative months.

His experience, however, was anything but difficult. “I feel incredibly lucky,” Jay said. “I never really had any pain. I sat right up and walked to a chair; I was walking the halls that same afternoon.”

He was in the hospital for less than two days. “The follow-up was great,” Jay said, “though it turned out I didn’t need it. They called once a week, just to make sure I was doing okay, and the next time I saw Dr. Mobasser was at my one-month checkup.”

“I’m back to living a normal life,” Jay said. “I’m biking, I’m walking, I’m playing with the dog. But you know, beyond that, it’s all the little things. Sleeping through the night. Getting dressed without having to contort myself. Even now, more than a year later, I’ll find myself doing something that used to be painful or difficult or impossible before the surgery, and it’s just such a relief to have that part of my life back. I credit Dr. Mobasser and Goodman Campbell with making that happen.”

Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine is proud to welcome Dr. Nishit Mummareddy to our physician team. As a neurosurgeon who completed an endovascular fellowship, Dr. Mummareddy offers patients a unique combination of surgical expertise and minimally invasive, image-guided treatments for complex neurological conditions.

His specialized training allows him to approach each patient’s care from multiple perspectives, providing comprehensive treatment options while helping advance the future of neurosurgical care.

Dr. Mummareddy’s path to medicine began long before medical school.

When he was young, his father suffered a stroke. Watching the physicians who cared for him left a lasting impression that ultimately shaped his future.

“Seeing how my father’s physicians helped him recover both physically and emotionally inspired me to pursue a career in medicine.”

His father’s experience also fueled a fascination with the complexity of the nervous system.

“All of the major organs can be transplanted except the brain and spine, which speaks to their complexity and importance.”

Combining his passion for science and working with his hands, neurosurgery became the perfect fit. His additional specialty training in neuro-endovascular techniques allows him to offer expertise in both traditional neurosurgical approaches and minimally invasive treatments for complex conditions affecting the brain and blood vessels.

For Dr. Mummareddy, Goodman Campbell represents more than an exceptional practice. It represents a tradition of innovation and compassionate care.

“I feel very fortunate to be joining the Goodman Campbell family and look forward to serving our patients.”

As a neurosurgeon with a specialty area in endovascular care, Dr. Mummareddy is especially passionate about this rapidly evolving field in neurosurgery.

Using minimally invasive techniques, physicians can now treat many neurological conditions through tiny catheters guided within blood vessels, reducing recovery times and expanding treatment possibilities for patients.

“Over the past two decades, conditions such as ischemic stroke, once thought to have little role for surgical intervention, are now being treated very effectively with minimally invasive neurointerventional procedures.”

He believes the future holds even greater possibilities.

“I believe this field will continue to expand and transform the treatment of many neurological conditions, including hydrocephalus, paralysis, tumors, and headaches.”

Being part of that innovation while helping patients access advanced treatment options is what excites him most.

Dr. Mummareddy’s vision for the future extends beyond technology alone.

He hopes to contribute to meaningful conversations surrounding healthcare economics and the long-term sustainability of medicine, always with the goal of improving patient outcomes.

When he’s not caring for patients, Dr. Mummareddy enjoys spending time with his wife, family, and friends.

Together they are avid sports fans who enjoy attending basketball games, playing tennis, traveling, discovering new restaurants, and staying active whenever they can.

We’re excited to welcome Dr. Nishit Mummareddy to Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine.

If you are researching who is a good candidate for MRI-guided focused ultrasound, chances are you or a loved one has a tremor that has started interfering with daily life in ways that are difficult to ignore. Eating, writing, drinking from a cup, or completing routine tasks may no longer feel simple or predictable.

For many Indiana-area patients exploring MRI-guided high-frequency focused ultrasound in Indianapolis, their biggest question is not “What is the procedure?” but rather, “Do I qualify?” Understanding the MRgFUS eligibility criteria can help you take the next step with greater confidence and clarity.

The two FDA-approved indications for MRI-guided focused ultrasound are essential tremor and tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease. Essential tremor remains the most common reason patients pursue this type of noninvasive tremor treatment.

In general, MRI-guided focused ultrasound essential tremor candidacy is considered for patients whose tremors significantly affect independence and quality of life (i.e. eating, writing, drinking, basic tasks). If prior treatment, like medications, have not provided adequate relief, and tremors continue to interfere with daily activities, you may be a potential candidate.

Patients searching for essential tremor treatment qualifications or wondering who qualifies should know that candidacy is determined through a formal neurosurgical evaluation.

Several medical and physical factors help determine whether someone is a candidate for focused ultrasound for essential tremor.

During the evaluation process, our team reviews factors such as:

Some patients may also have MRgFUS contraindications related to MRI-incompatible implants, such as certain pacemakers or neurostimulators. However, these factors are evaluated carefully during consultation and should never be viewed as reasons to automatically rule yourself out.

One of the most common topics patients research is MRgFUS skull density.

MRI-guided focused ultrasound works by directing ultrasound energy through the skull with a high degree of precision. Some patients’ skull anatomy limits how effectively ultrasound waves can pass through bone. This is measured through something called the skull density ratio, or SDR.

A CT scan performed during the MRgFUS evaluation process helps determine whether the skull structure allows for safe and effective treatment. This is not something patients can determine on their own. Evaluation by an experienced functional neurosurgery team is the best way to get accurate answers.

A candidacy evaluation typically includes a review of tremor severity, overall health, medical history, and diagnostic imaging.. Patients meet with our neurosurgery team to determine whether MRI-guided focused ultrasound is an appropriate treatment option based on their individual condition, treatment history, and imaging findings. 

The goal is to ensure that each patient receives a treatment recommendation tailored to their specific condition, health history, and goals. 

Patients and referring physicians have direct access to our team so you can get answers without unnecessary delays.

When comparing focused ultrasound vs. deep brain stimulation, the primary difference is that deep brain stimulation involves implanted electrodes and a small chest device, while MRgFUS requires no incisions, no implanted hardware, and no general anesthesia.

Both are FDA-approved treatment options. For many patients, MRI-guided focused ultrasound is appealing because it offers an incisionless approach. The right option depends on your symptoms, goals, imaging, and overall health.

At Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, our neurosurgeons specialize in highly complex functional neurosurgery procedures requiring years of advanced training focused specifically on the brain, spine, and nervous system. That level of specialization matters when evaluating patients for precision brain procedures.

As a global leader in neurosurgery, clinical research and physician training in the United States, we are proud to provide world-class care for patients facing essential tremor or tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease — right here in Indiana. If you are considering MRI-guided focused ultrasound, our team can help you better understand your options and whether you may be a candidate. To take the next step, request an appointment with Goodman Campbell functional neurosurgeon Mark Hoeprich, MD, by calling 317-338-9660. Dr. Hoeprich sees patients at Ascension St. Vincent – Indianapolis Functional Neurosurgery.

If tremors have begun interfering with your ability to write, eat, work, or maintain your independence, you may be wondering whether newer treatment options exist beyond traditional surgery. Today, the list of MRI-guided focused ultrasound conditions treated includes essential tremor and tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease. This noninvasive approach is changing how we think about functional neurosurgery tremor care.

MRI-guided high-frequency focused ultrasound offers an incisionless way to target the abnormal brain activity responsible for tremors without implants or open surgery.

MRI-guided focused ultrasound, sometimes called MRgFUS, is a noninvasive, incisionless procedure used to treat tremors. It uses highly focused sound waves to precisely target a small area within the brain. Unlike traditional diagnostic ultrasound, this technology uses high-intensity energy designed specifically for treatment.

Real-time MRI imaging allows our neurosurgeon to identify the exact treatment target while also monitoring tissue temperature throughout the procedure for precision and safety. No incisions, implants, or general anesthesia are required.

For patients exploring focused ultrasound for tremors, the appeal is often straightforward: treatment without open brain surgery.

Deep brain stimulation requires implanted electrodes and surgical hardware. MRI-guided focused ultrasound for tremor treatment requires no craniotomy, no implanted devices, and no overnight hospital stay.

Patients remain awake during treatment and can communicate with the physician in real time. Most people return home the same day and resume normal activities within days, making it an appealing alternative to deep brain stimulation for appropriately selected patients.

MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is FDA approved for the treatment of certain movement disorders, including essential tremor and specific symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease.

For essential tremor, MRgFUS is used for patients with tremors who have not responded adequately to medication or who cannot tolerate medication. The procedure targets the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus, an area involved in regulating movement signals. By creating a precise, targeted lesion, MRgFUS can disrupt abnormal brain activity associated with tremor.

MRgFUS is also FDA approved for certain patients with Parkinson’s disease. Procedure types include unilateral treatment of tremor associated with Parkinson’s disease and unilateral pallidotomy for Parkinson’s disease patients with symptoms such as dyskinesia and motor fluctuations.

General MRgFUS candidacy requirements include:

Some patients may not qualify, including those unable to undergo MRI due to certain implants (e.g., pacemakers or certain metallic implants), difficulties with severe claustrophobia, pregnancy, or specific skull anatomy considerations. The best way to determine candidacy is through a personalized consultation with a functional neurosurgery specialist.

Before treatment, patients undergo imaging and a comprehensive evaluation to confirm candidacy for MRI-guided focused ultrasound. On the day of treatment, the head is shaved, a lightweight frame is put around the head to help guide treatment, and MRI imaging is used to identify the precise treatment target.

The treatment process typically takes several hours, often 3–4 hours from preparation through completion. Patients remain awake during the procedure while the surgery team uses MRI guidance to deliver carefully controlled ultrasound energy monitor treatment effects, including tremor improvement in real time.

Many patients experience improvement in tremor symptoms immediately after this incisionless tremor treatment and are able to return home the same day. Results are often long-lasting, though every patient’s experience is unique.

At Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, our functional neurosurgeon specializes in advanced functional neurosurgery procedures. As a global leader in neurosurgery, clinical research and training, we are proud to offer essential tremor treatment options and MRI-guided high-frequency focused ultrasound in Indianapolis. Our approach is centered on identifying and treating the root cause of tremors, rather than simply managing symptoms, helping patients pursue meaningful, long-term improvement in daily life.

Patients and referring physicians have direct access to the Goodman Campbell team, allowing for close collaboration and streamlined communication throughout the process. 

To learn more about focused ultrasound and candidacy, request an appointment with Goodman Campbell functional neurosurgeon Mark Hoeprich, MD, by calling 317-338-9660. Dr. Hoeprich sees patients at Ascension St. Vincent – Indianapolis Functional Neurosurgery. request an appointment with Dr. Hoeprich, call 317-338-9660.

Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine is proud to welcome Dr. Adam T. Leibold to our team. A fellowship-trained spine surgeon, Dr. Leibold will be caring for patients at our Noblesville office, expanding access to advanced spine care for patients throughout Hamilton County and the surrounding communities.

Returning to his hometown after years of specialized training, Dr. Leibold combines technical expertise with a patient-first philosophy, offering both minimally invasive solutions and advanced surgical care for complex spine conditions.

Dr. Leibold didn’t begin medical school knowing he would become a neurosurgeon, but once he discovered the specialty, he knew he had found his purpose.

“The technology we use to solve these problems is fascinating to me, and I look forward to utilizing the latest advancements every day to help patients.”

For Dr. Leibold, joining Goodman Campbell is more than a career move. It’s a return to the people who inspired him.

“My wife and I grew up in the Indianapolis area, and after training in Philadelphia we wanted to come back home.”

As a medical student, he worked alongside many of the physicians at Goodman Campbell.

“They were the people who inspired me to go into neurosurgery in the first place. Their technical excellence, empathy, and commitment to innovation were qualities I always admired. The more I got to know the group, the more I appreciated its culture. I knew after fellowship that I had to come home and join Goodman Campbell.”

This broad expertise allows him to personalize treatment for each patient, selecting the approach that offers the best opportunity for recovery and long-term success.

Dr. Leibold believes the future of spine surgery is centered on preserving motion, reducing recovery time, and using technology to improve patient outcomes.

“My hope is that we find better ways to restore the spine without relying on brute force methods like fusion. Advancing procedures such as disc and facet joint replacement and expanding minimally invasive techniques can help more patients.”

He is also excited about the growing role artificial intelligence can play in healthcare.

“I hope we can use artificial intelligence to better track and manage our patients. I’m always thinking about how AI can help streamline patient care, improve monitoring, and ultimately create a better experience for patients.”

When he’s not caring for patients, Dr. Leibold enjoys spending time with his family.

“There’s nothing I love more than being with my family, whether we’re visiting a park or walking through a farmer’s market.”

He’s an avid reader- with interests ranging from nonfiction to science fiction, enjoys slow mornings with a great cup of coffee and a good book, and takes every opportunity he can to get out on the golf course.

For many patients, DBS for Parkinson’s treatment can be life-changing when motor symptoms begin interfering with daily life in increasingly significant ways. While deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s is not a cure, it has been shown to meaningfully improve tremor, stiffness, slowness, and overall quality of life for patients who are good candidates.

Deep brain stimulation works by placing thin electrodes into highly specific areas of the brain, most commonly the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus. These electrodes deliver carefully controlled electrical pulses that help regulate the abnormal brain activity associated with Parkinson’s disease, improving many of the motor symptoms such as tremor, stiffness, slowed movement, and involuntary movements (dyskinesias). 

It’s important to understand that DBS addresses dysfunction within the brain’s circuitry; it is not simply masking symptoms. That said, DBS does not stop Parkinson’s disease progression or cure the condition. Instead, studies indicate it can significantly improve symptom control and help patients maintain independence and daily function for longer.

Strong DBS surgery candidates typically have a confirmed Parkinson’s diagnosis, worsening motor symptoms that are becoming more difficult to manage, preserved cognitive function, and a history of responding well to prior dopaminergic therapy (a positive drug response is generally considered to be a meaningful signal of likely surgical success). Common DBS candidate criteria include tremor, stiffness, or slowness that meaningfully affects quality of life despite ongoing treatment efforts.

Our evaluation process is intentionally extensive. Determining candidacy involves neurological testing, imaging, cognitive assessment, and detailed conversations about goals, expectations, and risks. We generally recommend evaluation before quality of life declines substantially, rather than waiting until symptoms become severely disabling.

Yes, timing matters.

In 2016, the FDA expanded approval for DBS to include earlier-stage Parkinson’s disease, recognizing that patients do not need to wait until symptoms become extreme before considering surgery. In fact, waiting too long can sometimes limit potential surgical benefit, particularly if significant balance problems or cognitive decline develop later in the disease course.

Studies on DBS long-term outcomes suggest that proactive timing often supports stronger long-term function and independence.

Like any brain procedure, DBS carries real risks. Potential DBS risks and side effects include infection, bleeding, lead displacement, or device-related complications that may require adjustment or revision.

It is also important to understand what DBS does not treat especially well. DBS is typically less effective for balance difficulty, freezing of gait, or non-motor symptoms. Patients with significant dementia or cognitive impairment are generally not ideal candidates.

One major advantage of DBS, however, is that it is adjustable and reversible. Unlike ablative procedures that permanently destroy brain tissue, DBS settings can be modified over time as symptoms evolve.

Research on DBS success rate and long-term effectiveness is encouraging. A study in the Journal of Neurosurgery reports that DBS provides durable relief from symptoms, with some patients maintaining functional improvement beyond 10 years.

While Parkinson’s disease continues progressing over time, DBS can support activities of daily living well into later stages of the condition. Long-term patient satisfaction remains consistently high in many published studies.

At Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, we know how much precision matters. As a global leader in brain and spine care with a mission that revolves around clinical research and continually pursuing better outcomes for patients, we specialize in highly advanced functional neurosurgery procedures such as DBS.

We perform asleep DBS surgery using advanced MRI-guided technology while patients remain under anesthesia, with CT confirmation of lead placement before patients wake. 

Most importantly, our patients and referring physicians have direct access to our team throughout the process, ensuring that questions are answered promptly, care remains highly coordinated, and patients feel supported at each and every stage of treatment.

To learn more about candidacy, visit our Parkinson’s Disease page. For an evaluation request an appointment with Goodman Campbell functional neurosurgeon Mark Hoeprich, MD, by calling 317-338-9660. Dr. Hoeprich sees patients at Ascension St. Vincent – Indianapolis Functional Neurosurgery.n team, led by functional neurosurgeon Mark Hoeprich, MD, performs DBS with the patient fully asleep using advanced computer-guided technology. As a global leader in neurosurgery treating patients for more than 50 years, we are proud to help patients pursue safer, more effective care close to home.

If you would like to learn whether DBS may be right for you, we encourage you to request an appointment with Dr. Hoeprich by calling 317-338-9660. today.

For many people living with Parkinson’s disease, tremor, dystonia, or epilepsy, symptoms can gradually begin interfering with everyday life in ways that feel frustrating and exhausting. If you are wondering whether you may be a good candidate for deep brain stimulation, you are not alone. And asking that question does not mean you are “out of options” or pursuing something drastic.

At Goodman Campbell, we help patients understand deep brain stimulation candidacy through a thoughtful, patient-centered evaluation process focused on quality of life, long-term function, and individualized care.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a movement disorder surgery in which thin electrodes are placed in carefully targeted areas of the brain to help regulate abnormal neural activity. In many cases, DBS can support improved symptom control and daily function for people whose conditions are becoming more difficult to manage over time.

DBS may be considered for conditions including Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, cervical dystonia, epilepsy, and other movement disorders. While DBS is not typically a first-line treatment, it may become an option when symptoms begin meaningfully affecting quality of life despite prior care approaches.

There is no definitive checklist that determines who qualifies for DBS, but there are several common signs that indicate it may be worth speaking with a specialist, such as a neurologist or functional neurosurgeon.

Many patients considering DBS surgery criteria have a confirmed diagnosis of a condition known to respond well to DBS. Those conditions include Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor. Symptoms often begin to interfere with daily activities such as eating, writing, dressing, or working.

Patients may also benefit from a DBS evaluation process if their condition has progressed to the point where independence or overall quality of life is declining. In addition, good overall health is important, since DBS surgery is performed under general anesthesia.

Equally important are realistic expectations. DBS can help improve symptom control and daily function in many cases, but it is not considered a cure. Part of our role at Goodman Campbell is to help patients understand what improvements may be possible based on their individual condition and goals.

Deep brain stimulation candidacy is not determined by age alone.

Instead, we look at the full picture, including neurological health, symptom severity, cognitive function, and overall medical condition. Some patients in their 70s and beyond may still be appropriate candidates for DBS, while younger patients experiencing significant functional decline may also benefit from evaluation.

DBS is not the best option for everyone, which is why a comprehensive evaluation matters.

Patients whose symptoms are currently mild or well managed may not experience enough benefit from surgery to justify the procedure. Significant cognitive decline or dementia may also affect candidacy, depending on severity. Certain medical conditions can increase anesthesia-related risks, and some neurological conditions respond less predictably to DBS than others (such as secondary dystonias that are caused by stroke or infection).

We spend time thoroughly discussing goals and expectations with each patient. If DBS is unlikely to provide meaningful improvement, we will guide patients toward other appropriate care options.

At Goodman Campbell, we value strong partnerships with referring providers, particularly neurologists, and work closely with them to help determine whether — and when — deep brain stimulation may be an appropriate treatment option. A referral does not mean a patient is committed to surgery. Instead, it provides an opportunity for a comprehensive evaluation and thoughtful, long-term planning.

Before surgery is considered, every patient completes a formal candidacy evaluation as part of the multidisciplinary DBS program. This includes an independent evaluation by a neurologist who is separate from the surgical team, providing an important patient-first check and balance in the decision-making process. Testing may include neurological assessments, imaging, and additional health screenings. A specialized MRI of the brain is performed before surgery to support precise surgical planning.

Our deep brain stimulation neurosurgeon team, led by functional neurosurgeon Mark Hoeprich, MD, performs DBS with the patient fully asleep using advanced computer-guided technology. As a global leader in neurosurgery treating patients for more than 50 years, we are proud to help patients pursue safer, more effective care close to home.

If you would like to learn whether DBS may be right for you, we encourage you to request an appointment with Dr. Hoeprich by calling 317-338-9660. today.

Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine is pleased to welcome Dr. Merle S. Rust, to our team of fellowship-trained neurosurgeons. Dr. Rust will care for patients in Terre Haute, Indiana, where he joins Dr. Josue Ordaz in providing advanced neurosurgical care and expanding access to specialized brain and spine services for the Wabash Valley and surrounding communities.

Dr. Rust’s path to medicine began long before medical school. While in high school, he volunteered with his local community ambulance service, gaining firsthand experience in emergency medicine and the hospital environment. Those early experiences sparked a passion for patient care and surgery that only grew stronger over time.

“Before starting medical school, I already knew I wanted to pursue a surgical specialty,” Dr. Rust said. “During my first semester at the University of Illinois, I developed a deep appreciation for neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and the diseases affecting the nervous system. That’s when I knew neurosurgery was the right path for me.”

For Dr. Rust, joining Goodman Campbell was a natural next step in his career.

Dr. Rust treats a broad range of brain and spine conditions and believes every patient deserves an individualized treatment plan that begins with the least invasive option whenever appropriate.

“I remain passionate about caring for patients with both brain and spine disorders,” he said. “My goal is always to provide thoughtful recommendations that optimize outcomes, whether that involves conservative treatment or surgery.”

He is especially excited about the collaborative culture at Goodman Campbell, where physicians regularly share knowledge, discuss complex cases and continue learning from one another.

“Medicine is constantly evolving,” Dr. Rust said. “Throughout medical school and residency, I learned the importance of embracing new techniques, technologies and perspectives. I’m looking forward to collaborating with my colleagues through case discussions, operating room observations and shared learning opportunities that ultimately benefit our patients.”

Looking ahead, Dr. Rust remains optimistic about the future of neurosurgery.

“Continued advances in research and education will shape the future of our specialty,” he said. “At the same time, it’s important that we continue to strengthen and sustain the practice of neurosurgery as healthcare continues to evolve.”

Outside of work, Dr. Rust enjoys reading, following developments in aviation safety and spending time mentoring his son, Drew, who is currently completing his neurology residency.

As he begins this new chapter, Dr. Rust is eager to serve the Terre Haute community and continue building strong relationships with patients and referring providers.

Please join us in welcoming Merle S. Rust, MD, to Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine! We are excited to have him on our team and look forward to the compassionate, patient-centered care he will provide to patients throughout western Indiana.

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological condition that affects how the brain controls movement. It develops when dopamine-producing cells in a small but critical region of the brain (the substantia nigra) begin to decline. Dopamine helps regulate smooth, coordinated motion, so as levels decrease, movement becomes more difficult to control.

This leads to the hallmark symptoms patients often hear about: tremor (often starting on one side at rest), rigidity, slowed movement, postural instability, voice changes, and facial masking.

The good news? While the condition is serious, there are a range of Parkinson’s disease treatment options designed to help patients maintain function and quality of life over time.

Early in the condition, Parkinson’s disease treatment options typically begin with medications that help replace or mimic dopamine, improving symptoms such as tremor, stiffness, and slowed movement. Many patients also benefit from structured physical, occupational, and speech therapy, along with regular exercise and lifestyle modifications to help preserve mobility, balance, communication, and independence.

As the disease progresses, medications may become less effective or begin to cause fluctuations in symptom control and involuntary movements (dyskinesias). When this occurs, patients living in or near Indiana may begin exploring advanced Parkinson’s disease treatment in Indianapolis. A neurosurgical evaluation becomes an appropriate next step—not because earlier treatments have failed, but because the condition has evolved and additional treatment options may provide better symptom control.

This progression reflects the nature of movement disorder treatment: Care adapts over time to match each patient’s needs, with the goal of addressing the underlying neurological dysfunction as effectively as possible. For appropriately selected patients, advanced therapies such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) can improve symptom control, reduce medication-related fluctuations, and help maintain quality of life.

Surgical evaluation is often appropriate when nonsurgical approaches no longer provide the level of control needed for daily life. This is not a last resort; rather, it is a proactive step toward a higher level of care. A thorough neurological evaluation, combined with advanced imaging, helps determine whether neurosurgery for Parkinson’s is the right fit.

Deep brain stimulation has become one of the most established and effective surgical options for Parkinson’s disease. DBS for Parkinson’s disease has been performed for over 30 years, with dramatic technological advancements in the last decade that have significantly improved precision, safety, and patient experience.

DBS works by placing thin electrodes into precise areas of the brain responsible for movement control. These electrodes connect to a small generator implanted near the collarbone, which delivers controlled electrical impulses to regulate abnormal signals that cause symptoms such as tremor and rigidity.

Goodman Campbell’s approach to functional neurosurgery reflects the most advanced standard of care. Before surgery, we perform detailed MRI imaging to precisely map the brain. During the procedure, we use an asleep DBS surgery technique, meaning patients are fully under anesthesia. While older approaches required patients to be awake during surgery, advanced computer imaging now allows us to achieve the same level of precision with the patient fully anesthetized, making asleep DBS the modern standard.

Immediately following placement, we confirm positioning with a CT scan before the patient wakes up. Most patients stay one night in the hospital. Within the following weeks,  the generator is placed in an outpatient setting, and the system is later activated during a follow-up visit, typically with the patient’s neurologist.

This modern, image-guided approach allows us to deliver precise results while improving comfort and overall experience. For many patients wondering when to consider DBS, the answer often comes down to whether symptoms are interfering with quality of life despite appropriate nonsurgical care.

We understand that exploring surgical care is a significant decision. Our goal is to make that process clear, supportive, and grounded in expertise every step of the way.

At Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, we are a global leader in brain and spine care known for our neurosurgical training and clinical research. Patients who come to us gain direct access to one of the most experienced, progressive neurosurgical teams in the country — right here in Indiana.

If you’re ready to learn more about Parkinson’s disease treatment options or deep brain stimulation in Indianapolis, we’re here to help. Appointments with Goodman Campbell functional neurosurgeon Mark Hoeprich, MD, take place at Ascension St. Vincent – Indianapolis Functional Neurosurgery. To request an appointment with Dr. Hoeprich, call 317-338-9660.

For many patients exploring essential tremor treatment in Indianapolis, the goal is simple: Find an approach that improves daily function while aligning with personal preferences and long-term goals. The right path forward depends on how much your tremor affects your quality of life and how your condition responds to supportive care.

Not every patient with essential tremor will need surgical intervention. In earlier stages, or when symptoms are still manageable, nonsurgical care can play an important role in maintaining independence and confidence in daily activities.

Physical and occupational therapy are often part of this approach. Occupational therapists focus on strategies and tools that make daily activities such as eating, writing, and dressing easier, while physical therapists may address balance, mobility, and movement challenges. While these therapies do not treat the neurological root cause, they can meaningfully improve function and quality of life.

For many patients, essential tremor management begins with medications that can help reduce tremor severity and improve function. Commonly used medications may include propranolol or primidone, along with other options that may be considered based on a patient’s symptoms, overall health, and treatment goals.

Medications do not eliminate essential tremor for everyone, and some patients may continue to experience symptoms that interfere with daily activities despite medical therapy.

Patients with essential tremor may benefit from occupational therapy, particularly when tremor begins to interfere with daily activities such as eating, writing, dressing, or work-related tasks. Occupational therapists can provide strategies, adaptive tools, and techniques to help patients maintain independence and improve quality of life.

Therapy is most helpful as part of a coordinated treatment plan. For patients with moderate-to-severe tremor or symptoms that significantly impact daily function, surgical treatment for essential tremor may offer more consistent symptom relief.

For patients whose tremor significantly interferes with daily life, surgical options may be the next step. These decisions are never one-size-fits-all. A thorough evaluation helps determine which approach aligns best with your condition, anatomy, and goals.

At Goodman Campbell, we offer two primary approaches:

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Deep brain stimulation essential tremor treatment has been a trusted clinical approach for more than 30 years. The procedure involves placing thin electrodes in a targeted area of the brain. These electrodes are connected to a small generator near the collarbone. The system delivers controlled electrical pulses to regulate abnormal signals. Because it can be adjusted over time, DBS offers flexibility as symptoms change.

Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS)

Also referred to as “MRI-guided focused ultrasound,” this incisionless, noninvasive treatment option uses focused ultrasound energy to precisely target the area responsible for tremor. The procedure takes place inside an MRI scanner, allowing real-time monitoring while the patient remains awake. Many patients experience improvement in tremor symptoms following the treatment, and no implanted device is required. 

Both DBS and focused ultrasound can provide meaningful tremor reduction, but the patient experience differs.

DBS involves placement of an implanted device that delivers electrical stimulation to targeted areas of the brain. Because stimulation settings can be adjusted over time, DBS offers flexibility as symptoms change and may be particularly beneficial for patients with bilateral tremor or evolving treatment needs. Stimulation can be modified, turned off, or adjusted as needed.

Focused ultrasound, by contrast, is an incisionless treatment that does not require implanted hardware, making it an appealing option for patients who prefer to avoid implants or who may not be candidates for implant-based surgery. Focused ultrasound is typically performed on one side of the brain at a time, which may be an important consideration for patients with tremor affecting both sides of the body. In patients who may benefit from treatment on both sides, a second procedure may be considered after recovery and follow-up, commonly around nine months or more after the initial treatment. 

Choosing between these options is not a decision to make independently. Rely on your care team to help guide you to the best decision for your case.

We provide access to an experienced essential tremor care team focused on individualized treatment planning.

Goodman Campbell is a global leader in brain and spine care. For over 50 years, we have been treating adult and pediatric conditions of the brain, spine, and nervous system. Our neurosurgeons bring a depth of expertise that directly impacts outcomes across all treatment options.

We treat both straightforward and complex cases, and patients do not need to be at an advanced stage to benefit from a consultation. Every patient is evaluated individually, ensuring recommendations are tailored to their specific condition, lifestyle, and goals, rather than being limited by a single approach.

Patients and referring providers also benefit from direct access to their care team. For many individuals and families across Indiana and beyond, access to our high level of specialized, research-driven care provides confidence that they’re exploring the most advanced, appropriate treatment options available.

To learn more about essential tremor and your treatment options, visit goodmancampbell.com/conditions/brain/functional/essential-tremor/, or request an appointment with Goodman Campbell functional neurosurgeon Mark Hoeprich, MD, by calling 317-338-9660.deep expertise in neurological conditions to every patient we see.

Our team includes highly specialized surgeons experienced in both straightforward and complex cases. Essential tremor patients don’t need to be at an advanced stage to benefit from evaluation; we see individuals at many points along their care journey.

If you’re searching for a doctor for an essential tremor specialist in Indianapolis who provides the best surgical options, request an appointment with us. Goodman Campbell functional neurosurgeon Mark Hoeprich, MD, see patients at Ascension St. Vincent – Indianapolis Functional Neurosurgery. To get started with our team, call 317-338-9660. Learn more about essential tremor options at Goodman Campbell today.