A hemorrhagic stroke is typically the most deadly and debilitating form of stroke, occurring in nearly two million people every year. Historically, it’s been treated by allowing the brain to bleed until hemorrhaging has subsided, leaving few recovery options for patients. About half of the individuals who suffer a hemorrhagic stroke die within 30 days.

But that could be changing—all thanks to a leading-edge stroke treatment that’s giving patients new hope.

After several years of the ENRICH (Early MiNimally-invasive Removal of ICH) trial, neurosurgeons were able to show positive results with improved outcomes for hemorrhagic stroke patients, and the results were shared at the 2023 American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) annual meeting. The results were presented by representatives from Emory University and the NICO Corporation. Four current Goodman Campbell physicians, led by Dr. Charles G. Kulwin, participated in the trial. It involved 300 stroke patients at 37 treatment centers across the United States.

During the trial, the BrainPath device—a tool used to help surgeons get to the site of bleeding—carefully moved through the delicate folds and fibers of the brain. The BrainPath gently shifts the tissue to create a path to the site of the bleeding. Once there, the Myriad device, an automated suction and resection tool, can remove clotting.

These results were part of a stroke treatment trial in which surgeons hoped to improve the standard of care for hemorrhagic strokes beyond just waiting out the bleed.

“Goodman Campbell was one of the earliest sites and one of the largest contributors to the study,” said Dr. Kulwin. “Our hope is that this will finally take a difficult problem … and provide solid evidence that there is a correct way to manage it surgically.”

“Only a quarter of survivors get back to independence in the months following the stroke. A safe and effective way of operating on a hemorrhage by minimally invasive means has the potential to change the way we give care and save lives.”

We are proud to be part of this historical moment in stroke treatment, and we look forward to using this method to help save and improve the lives of our patients. We also look forward to continuing to find new, innovative ways to advance the field of neurosurgery. You can read more about the clinical trial here.

Goodman Campbell started way back in 1972, with the incorporation of the Indianapolis Neurosurgical Group established by Drs. Julius Goodman and John Russell.

Since then, we’ve pioneered new techniques in Indiana, such as the first microscopic discectomy, the first intracranial tumor embolization, and the first endoscopic placement of a VP shunt.

We’ve transformed ourselves by adding new disciplines—like interventional stroke care, minimally-invasive spinal surgery, interventional pain management, physical therapy, research, and education. We’ve steadily grown both our practice and our reputation, and we’ve never once looked back.   

That is, until now.

This year, Goodman Campbell is turning 50 years old. Reaching that milestone has made us pause and reflect on our first half-century—and we could use your help documenting it.

If you’ve got photos, we’d love to see them. If you’ve got cards or notes, we’ll be glad to read them. If you have recordings, we’d be thrilled to hear them. If you’ve got videos, we can’t wait to watch them. Basically, if you’ve got anything at all that will help us expand our historical archives, we’ll be grateful for your assistance.

Visit our 50^th Anniversary page now to submit your digitized photos or videos—or just to type in a favorite memory.

Don’t have access to a scanner? We’re still interested in what you have to share. Give us a call at 317.396.1300, and we’ll do what we can to make your Goodman Campbell memories last forever.

Until last August, Kelli McLaughlin of Carmel was living her life like normal. She was raising her four children with her husband, Ryan, volunteering for different causes, and managing two locations of her boutique shop, Clothes With a Cause, which donates proceeds to different charities throughout the year. 

That month, Kelli started noticing odd, neurological symptoms and sensations in her body. She took a trip to the ER in early September and doctors didn’t find anything then. She returned later that month with her husband on their anniversary, because the sensations she was experiencing were very strong and interfering with normal tasks. 

The sensations would be diagnosed as focal seizures, so brain scans were taken and they revealed Kelli had a tumor. Goodman Campbell neurosurgeon Dr. Troy Payner was assigned to Kelli’s case, and after close examination and tests, he delivered the news that she had glioblastoma, a rare brain cancer with no known cure. Ironically, Dr. Payner treated her father for several meningiomas 16 years ago.

“It took me about a month to wrap my head around my new situation. I was in complete disbelief because there were no warning signs whatsoever,” said Kelli. “But Dr. Payner and I instantly hit it off—I liked him when I met him years ago, and I like him now! My entire care team has been wonderful; they are great advocates and have helped me navigate every aspect of this process.”

Glioblastoma, a cancerous and incurable brain tumor, occurs in 3 out of 100,000 United States citizens annually. The median age of those diagnosed is 64.

Goodman Campbell treats roughly 50 cases each year. Symptoms and their severity vary with each person, but in general they include: headaches, seizures, nausea/vomiting, difficulty with speech, blurry vision, weakness on one side, confusion, or lethargy—more on signs, symptoms, and treatments here.

“Glioblastoma is the most common primary tumor to occur in the brain and it’s unfortunately cancerous. Despite tremendous research being done, we don’t have a cure. The goal of all treatments is to control the tumor as long as possible,” said Dr. Payner. 

After the initial removal of the tumor, Kelli elected to start chemotherapy and radiation treatments, and wears an FDA-approved cap that helps slow tumor cells from replicating. Dr. Payner describes her as “an extremely ambitious woman who has an unflappable positive mental attitude.” Kathy Butz, a nurse on her care team, says that Kelli is very involved in her health care decisions, is open about her disease, and has a service-oriented heart.

“I don’t want to quit, I want to live. I’m committed to tackling this head-on, because I don’t see any other options,” Kelli said. “I feel like my purpose here is to make this place better than I found it, and help the next family that experiences something like this.”

All of that shows in Kelli’s drive to help her community, despite her diagnosis and side effects from treatments. Along with her support network of friends and family, she recently organized the first “Kegs ‘N Eggs 5K” fundraising event. In addition to raising awareness for this disease, they successfully collected over $50,000 to help connect families going through a similar situation to available resources and treatments.

“I am so thankful for the great turnout and beautiful weather we had for the First Annual Kelli’s Kegs N Eggs 5K! Glioblastoma research is one of the most under-funded of all cancers, and it is my goal to change this,” said Kelli. “We want to raise awareness of this horrible disease and raise funds to ensure that other families do not have to suffer this terrible blow as we had to. It can be done and I firmly believe that there is a cure on the horizon.”

Jay and his family live in Indianapolis in a house that’s been in the family for several generations. Though his kids have grown, Jay looks back on a life in which sports and physical activity—whether on his own, with friends or with his wife and kids—have played a huge role.

Being active has been important not only physically and socially for Jay, but also mentally. When he’s not able get out and move regularly, it takes an emotional toll. “I need to be active, or I’m no fun to be around,” he said.

Because he’s been so active, he’s had his share of injuries; After battling back trouble on and off for years, Jay had gone six years with no significant problems when suddenly, while sitting on the sofa with his dog Agnes, his right leg went numb, became weak and wouldn’t wake back up.

He sought help from Dr. Mobasser at Goodman Campbell. “Dr. Mobasser sent me for an MRI and X-rays of my back to assess my spine,” Jay said. “It was a wreck. He said I needed to have this surgery, as I was developing nerve damage in my right leg. Dr. Mobasser made it clear that my condition was irreversible without surgery and would continue to get progressively worse. I was facing the rest of my life with a brace on my foot.”

Dr. Mobasser fused five vertebrae and freed up all the nerves being compressed at each of these levels. Having had some experience with knee surgeries, Jay was expecting a tough recovery, and Dr. Mobasser himself warned Jay that the recovery process from a multi-level lumbar spine surgery could be extremely difficult for the first few post-operative months.

His experience, however, was anything but difficult. “I feel incredibly lucky,” Jay said. “I never really had any pain. I sat right up and walked to a chair; I was walking the halls that same afternoon.”

He was in the hospital for less than two days. “The follow-up was great,” Jay said, “though it turned out I didn’t need it. They called once a week, just to make sure I was doing okay, and the next time I saw Dr. Mobasser was at my one-month checkup.”

“I’m back to living a normal life,” Jay said. “I’m biking, I’m walking, I’m playing with the dog. But you know, beyond that, it’s all the little things. Sleeping through the night. Getting dressed without having to contort myself. Even now, more than a year later, I’ll find myself doing something that used to be painful or difficult or impossible before the surgery, and it’s just such a relief to have that part of my life back. I credit Dr. Mobasser and Goodman Campbell with making that happen.”

Generally speaking, there are a few commonly reported complications that patients may experience immediately following ACDF surgery. Difficulty swallowing (also known as “dysphagia”) is the most frequently reported early complication, while temporary voice changes or hoarseness after ACDF surgery are also relatively common. 

Both of these side effects are usually short-lived. It’s important to remember that ACDF has a strong safety record, with most patients undergoing the procedure without issues. Mild, temporary ACDF surgery side effects are more common than long-lasting complications.

Dysphagia occurs as a result of the ACDF surgery site being located in close proximity to the esophagus. Most cases of dysphagia after neck surgery resolve within a few weeks, although a small number may persist longer, depending on individual healing factors. 

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a commonly performed procedure that can relieve pressure on cervical nerve roots or the spinal cord. Most patients do not experience a major surgical complication, but, like any operation, ACDF carries risks that patients should understand before proceeding.

Rare but serious complications include:

Other recognized complications include difficulty swallowing, voice changes, problems with bone fusion, hardware complications and the possibility of persistent symptoms or additional surgery.

Although serious complications are uncommon, their potential consequences can be significant. Patients should discuss their individual risk factors, the expected benefits of surgery, alternatives to surgery and the surgeon’s experience with ACDF.

ACDF surgery is performed in close proximity to the spinal cord and cervical nerve roots, making careful surgical technique and precise handling of neural structures essential. Although serious neurological complications are uncommon, injury to a nerve root can cause persistent pain, numbness or weakness, while spinal cord injury can result in more extensive neurological deficits, including weakness or paralysis affecting the arms and legs. The risk and severity of these complications depend on several factors, including the patient’s underlying condition, the complexity of the procedure and the surgeon’s experience. Choosing a qualified, experienced neurosurgeon with specific expertise in spine care can help patients understand and manage these risks.

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) commonly involves removing a damaged disc and placing a bone graft or interbody implant in the space between the vertebrae to promote fusion. Depending on the surgical technique, additional fixation hardware, such as a metal plate and screws or an integrated fixation device, may be used to help stabilize the spine while the bones heal.

Although ACDF is a well-established procedure, complications can occur. In some patients, the vertebrae may fail to fuse completely. Other potential complications include hardware loosening, breakage, displacement or subsidence of the interbody implant into the adjacent vertebral bone. These problems may contribute to persistent pain, instability or other symptoms and, in some cases, require additional treatment or revision surgery.

Despite these risks, many patients achieve successful fusion without hardware-related complications or the need for further surgery. The likelihood of complications depends on factors such as the number of levels fused, bone quality, smoking status, underlying health conditions and the specifics of the surgical procedure.

There are a few specific steps that you can take in order to reduce your complication risk, outside of medication or other recommended treatments. These include:

Contact your surgical team promptly if you develop new or worsening weakness, significant changes in sensation, difficulty walking, wound drainage, fever or increasing pain. Severe or rapidly worsening neurological symptoms, or difficulty breathing or swallowing require urgent medical assessment.

One of the most important factors in avoiding and managing complications after ACDF surgery is the neurosurgical training and expertise of your physician. This is where Goodman Campbell can help.

Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine is a global leader in brain and spine care. With locations across Indiana, we have a long-standing reputation as a hub for advanced clinical care as well as neurosurgical research/training. At Goodman Campbell, highly specialized physicians and multidisciplinary teams provide comprehensive care to treat both common and complex conditions. Our practice is built around world-class expertise combined with compassionate, patient-centered care. 

Our experienced neurosurgical team can help you to navigate your ACDF surgery recovery with confidence. At Goodman Campbell, patients have direct access to their surgical team at all stages of their care. 

To learn how Goodman Campbell prepares patients to navigate an ACDF procedure, visit our ACDF procedure page. Call us at 317-396-1300 to schedule a consultation.  

Fusion itself within an ACDF surgery is generally intended to be permanent. Bone fuses to bone and does not wear out, meaning that a successfully fused spinal level is designed to remain stable for the rest of a patient’s life. 

The core ACDF longevity question is less about whether the fusion construct itself will “come apart” and more about how the adjacent levels of the spine respond to the fusion over the following years and even decades. 

During an ACDF surgery, the bone graft that is placed between the vertebrae generally  integrates with the surrounding bone, typically over a period of 6-12 months. Over time, a solid bony union is formed between the vertebrae. A successfully healed fusion is generally intended to be permanent, meaning the fused spinal level is designed to remain stable for the rest of the patient’s life. 

Additionally, the plate and screws used during ACDF serve as a stabilizing scaffold while the fusion develops. Once the bone has successfully fused, the vertebrae themselves provide the primary structural stability, although the hardware remains in place and may continue to provide support. Decompression (i.e., removing the disc that was pressing on nerves/spinal cord) is also accomplished, and with the disc now gone, re-herniation cannot take place.

Decompression (removing the damaged disc material that was pressing on nerves or the spinal cord) is also accomplished during surgery. Because the original disc is removed, that disc cannot re-herniate. However, adjacent discs above or below the fusion can still develop herniations or degenerative changes over time.

An important consideration is that not every ACDF results in a successful bone fusion. In some patients, the vertebrae do not fully unite, a condition known as pseudarthrosis or nonunion. When this occurs, the intended permanent fusion has not been achieved, and patients may experience persistent pain, instability, or other symptoms. Some cases may require additional treatment or revision surgery.

Overall, ACDF has demonstrated favorable long-term outcomes, with many patients experiencing meaningful and lasting symptom relief. However, long-term success depends on several factors, including successful bone fusion, the number of levels treated, and the condition of the surrounding spinal segments. A successful fusion does not prevent the natural aging and degeneration of the remaining cervical spine.

When one segment of the cervical spine is fused, adjacent segments below and above it will absorb more motion than before. As a result, this increased mechanical demand can accelerate degenerative changes within those levels over time. 

This is called “adjacent segment disease” (ASD) and represents a different long-term concern from the fusion itself failing. With ASD, the fused level remains stable, but neighboring levels can develop new symptoms and degenerative changes of their own.

ASD is a recognized long-term risk of ACDF surgeries; however, it’s worth noting that the vast majority of ACDF patients don’t develop symptomatic ASD to the degree that treatment is required. 

That said, when adjacent segment symptoms do develop, they usually occur several years (usually a decade or more) after the surgery, and rarely in the near term. ASD itself is also detectable on imaging during follow-ups, meaning that degenerative changes can often be monitored and identified. This is another reason why ongoing monitoring matters for protecting the long-term health of your cervical spine.

Ultimately, there are several different variables that play into whether ASD will develop over time. These include:

The good news is that there are several steps that patients can take to support their spine and protect their surgical results over time, including:

Surgical expertise and technique have a direct influence on  long-term outcomes, especially when performing procedures that involve the delicate structures of the cervical spine, like ACDF. Proper surgical planning, precise decompression, and restoration of cervical alignment can all play an important role in maintaining spinal stability and reducing stress on adjacent segments. 

This is where depth of training matters, and having a highly experienced neurosurgical care team can make a big difference. Neurosurgeons receive extensive specialized training in the brain, spinal cord, nerve roots, and peripheral nervous system, providing a comprehensive understanding of the neurological structures involved in cervical spine surgery. This expertise is particularly valuable when addressing spinal cord compression, nerve impingement, and other conditions in which protecting neurological function is a primary concern.

Although both neurosurgeons and orthopedic spine surgeons perform ACDF, their foundational training differs. Neurosurgeons bring a specialized neurological perspective to the procedure, while orthopedic spine surgeons have a foundation in the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, and spinal biomechanics. For patients undergoing cervical spine surgery, having a surgeon with extensive neurosurgical training and significant experience in complex cervical procedures can provide an important level of expertise in protecting and preserving neurological function.

Ultimately, the surgeon’s specific experience, training, and expertise in cervical spine procedures are essential considerations when evaluating who should perform your surgery.

This is where Goodman Campbell comes in. As a global leader in brain and spine care and a leading center for neurosurgical research and training, we bring decades of specialized neurosurgical experience to every patient we treat. With Goodman Campbell, our patients also have direct access to their care team for long-term follow up and ongoing imaging monitoring, which is part of how we protect your results over time.

Interested in learning more about how Goodman Campbell can help you find the right treatment? Request a consultation or call us directly at 317-396-1300.

Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine is pleased to welcome Dr. Woody Han to its endovascular team. With a background spanning medicine, diagnostic radiology and advanced neuro-endovascular training, Dr. Han brings a unique combination of expertise, research experience and a passion for advancing treatment options for patients with complex neurological conditions.

His interests in neurointerventional oncology, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-related neurovascular disorders, and other complex vascular conditions reflect his commitment to innovative, collaborative care. We sat down with Dr. Han to learn more about his path to medicine, what drew him to Goodman Campbell and his vision for the future of neuro-endovascular care.

Dr. Han’s journey into medicine began at Duke University, where he studied economics. It was his involvement in glioblastoma research in a laboratory that sparked an interest in medicine and neuro-oncology, setting him on a path he had not originally anticipated.

During his advanced training, he worked in an environment where innovative neurointerventional oncology research was underway, including studies exploring yttrium-90 radioembolization for glioblastoma and intra-arterial chemotherapy for head and neck cancer.

These experiences allowed him to combine his interests in neurointervention and cancer care, helping shape the specialized expertise he brings to Goodman Campbell.

For Dr. Han, joining Goodman Campbell was an opportunity to work alongside experienced specialists while continuing to advance his own clinical interests.

“Goodman Campbell’s interventional neuroradiology section has a widespread reputation for excellence,” he shared.

He was also drawn to the practice’s breadth of experience, with a high volume and wide variety of cases involving conditions such as stroke and aneurysms. The opportunity to collaborate with leaders in the field on challenging cases was another important factor in his decision.

The move also holds personal significance. Dr. Han and his family will be closer to their extended family in Indianapolis, making the transition an exciting opportunity both professionally and personally.

Dr. Han looks forward to collaborating with Goodman Campbell’s neurointerventionalists and neurosurgeons while helping expand the practice’s capabilities in several specialized areas.

His interests include neurointerventional oncology, CSF-related neurovascular disorders, and intracranial and spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas.

These conditions can present complex diagnostic and treatment challenges, often requiring advanced imaging, specialized procedures and close collaboration among medical specialists.

Dr. Han is particularly interested in three areas:

Each of these areas offers opportunities to combine advanced technology with individualized treatment planning, helping physicians address challenging conditions and explore new approaches to patient care.

Beyond clinical practice, Dr. Han is committed to research and continued advancement in neuro-endovascular medicine.

He hopes to build on Goodman Campbell’s established work in stroke and aneurysm care, including its participation in the NeuroVascular Quality Initiative–Quality Outcomes Database (NVQI-QOD). Through rigorous data collection and analysis, these efforts contribute to a broader understanding of treatment outcomes and opportunities to improve care.

He also hopes to expand the practice’s work in diagnosing and treating CSF-venous fistulas and other CSF-related neurovascular disorders. In collaboration with oncology colleagues, he plans to explore opportunities to advance intra-arterial therapies for brain and head and neck cancers.

Dr. Han also intends to remain involved with the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery’s neurointerventional oncology community, including its Neurointerventional Oncology Summits.

His goals reflect a broader commitment to combining clinical expertise, research and collaboration to help move the field forward.

Outside the hospital, Dr. Han enjoys spending time with his wife and their two children. As a family, they love traveling and hiking together.

Originally born in China, Dr. Han speaks Mandarin and also plays the piano, bringing a few interests beyond medicine to his already diverse background.

Dr. Han’s arrival adds valuable expertise to Goodman Campbell’s endovascular team and creates new opportunities for collaboration, research and continued growth in specialized neurovascular care.

We are excited to welcome Dr. Han and look forward to the experience, perspective and dedication he brings to our team as we continue advancing care for patients with complex brain and spine conditions.

For most patients, pain related to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion falls into the category of “real, but manageable.” Though perhaps not entirely absent, ACDF nerve pain after surgery is typically less severe (and less disruptive) than the nerve pain that initially drove them to seek help in the first place. This is good news, especially as patients weigh the risks and benefits of whether such a procedure is right for them.

Which specific cervical fusion approach is utilized can have a significant impact on pain levels during and after surgery. Indeed, cervical fusion performed anteriorly (meaning the surgical incision is made at the front of the neck, not the back) can result in levels of postoperative muscle pain that are less intense. This is because during an ACDF procedure, soft tissues and muscles are gently moved aside, versus being cut through as in posterior cervical surgeries.

Patients who undergo the less intrusive ACDF procedure are frequently surprised by how manageable their pain is, especially in comparison to what they may have been expecting going into the surgery.

Patients can generally expect a few different “types” of pain after receiving ACDF surgery. These can include:

While ACDF is a very safe and tolerable procedure, like any major surgery, there are a few “red flag” symptoms that patients should be aware of post-procedure. These can include signs of infection at the incision site, new or rapidly worsening weakness or numbness, difficulty breathing, or problems swallowing.

At Goodman Campbell, our team of experienced neurosurgeons is available should any unexpected symptoms arise. At all points before, during, and after the surgery, patients have direct access to their care team.

For more information on what you can expect while healing and what sort of timeline you can expect, visit our ACDF overview page, which can be found here. 

It’s reasonable to assume that if you are looking into undergoing ACDF, you’re likely already living with chronic nerve compression pain. While the specific “form” such pain can take varies — from burning, shooting pain, to muscle numbness, to even just weakness that isn’t responding to conservative care — the end result is often the same: significant interference with everyday life.

The good news? For many patients, nerve pain relief can be found quickly, usually within the first few days after surgery. In fact, in some cases, arm pain that was considered “severe” presurgery is noticeably reduced by the time the patient leaves the hospital. So while short-term surgical soreness is expected, it’s important to know that ACDF recovery pain is typically easier to manage than the presurgical chronic pain.

Complete nerve healing takes time — sometimes weeks to months, depending on how long the nerve was compressed prior to surgery. But the ultimate prognosis after surgery is typically positive, one that sees gradual improvement and relief, which is preferred by many patients compared to living with the same ongoing pain.

ACDF requires careful surgical technique in a part of the neck where the spinal cord and nerve roots are in close proximity to the surgical site. Neurosurgeons specialize in disorders affecting the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, and their training includes an in-depth understanding of neural anatomy — an important area of expertise when performing cervical spine procedures such as ACDF.

Having a neurosurgeon who can bring that depth of expertise and experience into every aspect of your ACDF procedure — from planning to execution — is important to ensure a safe, effective outcome with minimal tissue disruption. That’s where Goodman Campbell comes in.

Goodman Campbell is a global leader in brain and spine care, as well as a center for neurosurgery training and research in the United States. Our patients have direct access to their care team throughout their recovery, meaning that you will be supported and cared for each step of the way. 

To get started with Goodman Campbell, request a consultation here or call us at 317-396-1300.

When it comes to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) recovery, most patients return home the day of the surgery. 

Not only that, but many patients can return to normal desk work within just a few weeks. This means that for many people, their quality of life isn’t disrupted as full fusion takes place (which usually occurs over the course of several months).

This may lead you to wonder: What does ACDF week-by-week recovery actually look like? Below, we’ve broken down what you can expect in terms of a typical ACDF recovery timeline. 

(For more information on how ACDF is performed, check out our procedure page here).

Patients who undergo ACDF surgery are usually discharged from the hospital within 24 hours. Typical symptoms post-surgery can include sore throat, mild swallowing difficulty, and neck stiffness, all of which are normal and expected, considering the nature of the anterior approach. Remember that early discomfort is temporary and shouldn’t be seen as a complication or sign of something serious.

The anterior approach to cervical fusion surgery temporarily “moves” the soft tissue in the throat and can lead to difficulty swallowing. This brief irritation usually resolves within a week or two for most patients. 

Recovery from ACDF surgery usually follows a predictable process that can be easily tracked across windows of time:

While the recovery process can differ for patients, most are surprised by how manageable recovery is compared to what they imagined. 

Desk workers can generally expect to be returning to work after ACDF surgery within 2-4 weeks. For individuals with more physically demanding jobs, the reasonable expectation is 6-12 weeks or longer, depending on fusion progress and surgeon clearance. Remember: Individual recovery will vary from patient to patient, and while general timelines can help provide an idea of what to expect, your surgeon’s guidance should always take precedence. 

Multiple variables affect how long recovery can take and why timelines may differ among patients. These include:

It’s normal to be nervous about what life might look like after surgery, especially when considering which activities you may or may not be able to continue doing. However, when it comes to ACDF surgery, specifically, permanent restrictions are usually minimal for most patients. These can include:

Ultimately, it’s smart to view these recommendations not as a list of things that you “can’t do” but rather as solid precautions that will ultimately support a full, active recovery. 

ACDF is a technically precise procedure performed in a highly sensitive area of the neck, where the spinal cord and nerve roots are located close to the surgical field. Neurosurgeons receive specialized training in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of conditions involving the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, making expertise in neural anatomy particularly relevant to cervical spine procedures such as ACDF.

Having a neurosurgeon that possesses a depth of expertise is extremely important to ensuring a procedure that is carefully planned and managed, from surgical planning all the way through post-operative care. Neurosurgery training itself is more extensive and specialized than orthopedic surgery, and when it comes to ACDF surgery, the importance of such expertise cannot be understated. 

Goodman Campbell is a global leader in brain and spine care, as well as an epicenter for neurological research and training in the United States. Located in the heart of Indiana, we partner alongside our patients every step of the way, ensuring that they have direct access to their care team throughout recovery. With Goodman Campbell, you are guaranteed a team of experienced specialists, not a switchboard, and can rest easy knowing that we’ll be there for you when you need us, whether it’s simply with an answer to a question or personalized guidance.

If you’re interested in learning more about how Goodman Campbell can support you during your ACDF surgery, be sure to schedule a consultation with us or call us directly at 317-396-1300.

More than 555 participants and $125,000 raised to support patients and families affected by traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries.

Beautiful weather, an incredible community and a shared mission made the 11th annual Brain Bolt 5K a day to remember!

Held in downtown Carmel, the annual event brought together more than 555 participants, patients, families, physicians, volunteers and community supporters to celebrate survivors, raise awareness and support those affected by traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries.

Together, participants and supporters have raised more than $125,000 and counting for the Neurosurgery Foundation at Goodman Campbell!

Funds raised support the Neurosurgery Foundation at Goodman Campbell and its commitment to advancing patient care, research, medical education and new approaches to neurological treatment. These efforts help drive progress in neurosurgery and support better outcomes for patients and families.

Although race day has passed, there is still time to make a difference! Peer-to-peer fundraising continues through October 31, with exciting prizes available for participants who keep raising funds for this important mission.

Thank you for making the 11th annual Brain Bolt 5K such a success. Your support helps move research forward, strengthen patient care and bring hope to individuals and families facing life-changing injuries.

Want to get involved? Visit the Brain Bolt 5K website to explore fundraising opportunities and prizes.

We look forward to seeing you next year!

The LITT procedure side effects most patients experience are temporary and manageable, especially when the procedure is performed by an experienced neurosurgical team. Because laser interstitial thermal therapy is minimally invasive and MRI guided, it is often associated with a shorter recovery and lower complication rates than traditional open brain surgery.

Still, any brain procedure deserves careful consideration. If you are researching laser interstitial thermal therapy risks, understanding potential complications and what recovery typically looks like can help you feel more informed and confident as you explore treatment options.

Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive, MRI-guided neurosurgical procedure that uses laser energy to precisely target and destroy abnormal brain tissue. It may be used for brain tumors, radiation necrosis, or epileptic foci.

During the procedure, a neurosurgeon creates a small incision and inserts a thin laser fiber into the targeted area of the brain. Real-time MRI temperature-mapping allows the surgeon to actively monitor heat distribution throughout the procedure, helping protect nearby healthy tissue. For many patients, LITT offers an alternative to traditional open craniotomy.

LITT may be appropriate for patients with certain brain tumors, including recurrent gliomas, metastatic tumors, or tumors located deep within the brain. It may also be used in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. LITT radiation necrosis treatment may be appropriate following prior radiation therapy.

Not every patient is a candidate. Tumor size, location, overall health, and treatment goals all play an important role in determining whether LITT is appropriate. A detailed neurosurgical evaluation is essential.

Most minimally invasive brain surgery side effects after LITT are usually temporary and improve as the brain heals.

Patients commonly experience:

Most patients stay in the hospital overnight and return home the next day.

Most aspects of LITT brain surgery recovery improve within days to a few weeks. Follow-up appointments are typically scheduled after treatment around the 1-month and 3-month marks so the neurosurgical team can monitor healing and recovery progress.

Regular follow-up imaging and neurological evaluations help ensure that concerns are addressed proactively.

Although uncommon, MRI-guided laser ablation complications can occur, and we believe it’s important for patients to understand those risks clearly and honestly. Less common but more significant risks of the LITT procedure may include:

Importantly, real-time MRI guidance and continuous temperature monitoring are specifically designed to minimize unintended thermal spread and help protect healthy brain tissue throughout the procedure. These are not passive safety measures. They are active tools the neurosurgeon uses in real time to guide treatment with precision.

While every surgical procedure carries some degree of risk, complication rates associated with LITT are generally lower than those seen with traditional open craniotomy procedures, particularly because LITT is minimally invasive and requires a much smaller surgical opening.

At Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, we are proud to be a global leader in brain and spine care and a respected center for neurosurgery training and clinical research in the United States. 

Consistently regarded as among the best in the nation, we make it easier for more people to access truly specialized care from leaders in neurosurgery and related specialties in the communities where we see patients. In addition, both patients and referring physicians have direct access to our team throughout the treatment process.

To discuss whether LITT may be an appropriate treatment for your condition, schedule a consultation today.

Persistent neck pain, arm pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness can make everyday activities difficult. When these symptoms are caused by a damaged disc or compression of the nerves or spinal cord, and nonsurgical treatment hasn’t provided adequate relief, ACDF surgery may be an option.

For some people, cervical spine symptoms can affect much more than comfort. Pain or weakness may interfere with work, sleep, exercise, or everyday tasks, while spinal cord compression can contribute to problems with balance, coordination, or hand function. When symptoms persist or neurological changes develop, identifying and addressing the underlying cause becomes particularly important. Over time, these symptoms may increasingly affect mobility, independence, and quality of life. 

Surgery is not necessary for every cervical spine condition, but for appropriately selected patients, it may provide a way to relieve structural compression and protect neurological function.

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) is a commonly performed cervical spine procedure designed to address the structural source of nerve or spinal cord compression. If you are considering surgery, understanding how ACDF works, who may benefit, and what ACDF surgery recovery involves can help you make a more informed decision about your care.

ACDF is a procedure used to remove a damaged or degenerative disc in the cervical spine, or neck, and relieve pressure on nearby nerves or the spinal cord.

During surgery, the neurosurgeon reaches the cervical spine through a small incision in the front of the neck. This anterior approach allows access to the affected disc without cutting through the larger muscle groups in the back of the neck or approaching the spinal cord from behind.

Once the damaged disc is removed, the neurosurgeon carefully removes the disc material or bone spurs causing compression. A bone graft and/or interbody spacer is then placed in the disc space to maintain proper spacing and alignment and promote fusion between the vertebrae. Additional hardware, such as a plate and screws, may be used to provide stability while the bones fuse.

Unlike treatments intended primarily to manage symptoms, ACDF is designed to address the underlying structural problem causing nerve or spinal cord compression. By removing the damaged disc and other material pressing on these structures, the procedure creates more space for the affected nerves or spinal cord. The fusion portion of ACDF then helps stabilize the treated area as the vertebrae heal together. For appropriately selected patients, this combination of decompression and stabilization can help address the source of symptoms such as radiating arm pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness, rather than focusing solely on managing those symptoms.

ACDF may be recommended for several conditions affecting the cervical spine, including:

When structural compression is present, ACDF can physically remove the source of that compression. Interventional pain techniques may help manage certain symptoms in appropriately selected patients, but they do not remove spinal cord compression or treat cervical myelopathy.

ACDF is one of several procedures neurosurgeons can use to treat cervical spine conditions.

Posterior cervical decompression and fusion approaches the cervical spine from the back of the neck and may be appropriate when compression, instability, or disease involves multiple areas. A minimally invasive posterior discectomy also approaches from the back and can relieve certain types of nerve compression without fusion.

Another option is artificial cervical disc replacement. While ACDF removes the damaged disc and fuses the surrounding vertebrae, artificial disc replacement uses an implant designed to preserve motion at the treated level. When comparing ACDF vs. disc replacement, the appropriate choice depends on factors such as the location and extent of the damage, the number of affected levels, spinal stability, and the patient’s individual anatomy.

There is no single best procedure for every patient. The location of compression, number of affected levels, spinal alignment, overall health, and other factors all influence which approach may be appropriate. At Goodman Campbell, our neurosurgeons perform multiple cervical spine approaches, allowing us to recommend the procedure that is best suited to each patient’s specific anatomy and condition. Rather than taking a one-size-fits-all approach, we evaluate the underlying cause and location of the problem, among other factors, to determine which surgical option may provide the most appropriate path forward.

ACDF surgery candidates typically have a cervical spine condition that is causing persistent symptoms or neurological changes and can be clearly identified through imaging and a neurological evaluation.

Surgery may be considered when:

You can learn more about the different surgical approaches in our Guide to Spine Surgery for a Cervical Herniated Disc.

Ultimately, determining candidacy requires an individualized evaluation. A neurosurgeon can review your symptoms, imaging, health history, and response to previous treatment before recommending the appropriate next step.

Many cervical spine conditions are initially treated without surgery. When symptoms are manageable and there is no significant or progressive neurological impairment, nonsurgical care may provide adequate relief.

Surgery becomes a more important consideration when symptoms continue despite appropriate conservative care or begin to interfere substantially with everyday life. Progressive neurological changes, including worsening weakness, numbness, hand coordination problems, or difficulty with balance or walking, can also indicate a need for prompt evaluation.

Imaging is another important part of this decision. If scans show a structural abnormality that corresponds with your symptoms, surgery may provide a way to directly address the source of the problem.

This distinction is particularly important when spinal cord compression is present. Spinal cord compression surgery is designed to physically relieve pressure on the spinal cord. The goal is not simply to mask symptoms, but also to address the structural cause and, when possible, protect neurological function.

Although every surgical plan is individualized, the basic ACDF procedure steps generally include:

You can find additional information about the procedure on our Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion procedure page.

ACDF single and multilevel surgeries follow the same general principles. A single-level procedure treats one disc space, while multilevel ACDF addresses two or more. The number of levels involved can affect surgical time, recovery, and the overall treatment plan.

Most ACDF procedures can be performed on an outpatient basis, allowing patients to return home the same day. Individual circumstances may require an overnight stay or additional observation.

The answer depends on the number of levels being treated, the complexity of the compression, the patient’s anatomy, and whether additional reconstruction is necessary.

Many ACDF procedures take approximately 1 to 3 hours, with single-level procedures generally requiring less time than more complex multilevel surgeries.

Keep in mind that the time spent in the operating room is only part of your surgical day. Preoperative preparation, anesthesia, and postoperative monitoring in the recovery area add additional time. Your neurosurgeon can give you a more individualized estimate based on your planned procedure.

Your ACDF recovery timeline begins immediately after surgery. Most patients are able to return home the same day, although this varies according to the procedure and individual health needs.

During the first several days and weeks, some discomfort and stiffness around the neck and surgical site are expected. Temporary swallowing difficulty or throat irritation can also occur because of the anterior surgical approach.

Your care team will provide specific instructions about activity, neck positioning, lifting, driving, incision care, and other restrictions. Walking and gradually increasing activity are often important parts of early ACDF surgery recovery, but it is essential to follow the recommendations provided by your surgical team rather than advancing activity too quickly.

Return to light or desk-based work varies. Some patients may return within approximately 2 to 6 weeks, depending on how well they are recovering and the physical demands of their job. More strenuous work may require additional time.

Physical therapy, when needed, may begin around 6 weeks after surgery or at another point recommended by your neurosurgeon. Not every patient will require the same rehabilitation plan.

It is also important to distinguish feeling better from being fully healed. The fusion process continues long after the incision heals. Bone fusion may take approximately 3 to 12 months to complete.

Your personal recovery may differ based on your age, overall health, the number of levels treated, the complexity of surgery, and how closely you follow postoperative recommendations.

Every surgical procedure carries potential risks. Understanding ACDF surgery risks can help you have a more informed conversation with your neurosurgeon and weigh the potential benefits against the possible complications.

Potential risks and side effects can include:

Some patients also experience temporary neck, shoulder, or arm symptoms as tissues heal and previously compressed nerves recover.

ACDF has a long history of use in cervical spine surgery and a well-established safety profile when performed for appropriate indications. Your individual risks, however, depend on factors such as your overall health, diagnosis, anatomy, and the complexity of the procedure.

An experienced neurosurgical team can help you understand these risks in the context of your specific condition rather than relying solely on general statistics.

ACDF takes place close to the spinal cord, nerve roots, major blood vessels, and other important structures in the neck. For that reason, the training and experience of the surgical team are extremely important.

When choosing a neurosurgeon for ACDF, consider not only whether a surgeon regularly performs the procedure, but also whether the team has experience managing the full spectrum of cervical spine disease. Both simple and complicated cases require the same careful understanding of spinal anatomy, neurological function, imaging, and surgical decision-making.

At Goodman Campbell, our neurosurgeons treat both straightforward and highly complex spine conditions, allowing patients to receive specialized care even when their diagnosis or anatomy requires a more advanced approach.

Patients and referring physicians also have direct access to their Goodman Campbell team. Prompt appointment availability can help patients move efficiently from evaluation toward answers and, when appropriate, treatment.

Neurosurgery training is particularly extensive and specialized, with deep emphasis on the brain, spinal cord, nerve roots, and other structures of the nervous system. This training provides an important foundation for procedures such as ACDF, where relieving pressure on delicate neurological structures is a central goal of surgery.

Orthopedic surgeons also receive surgical training involving the musculoskeletal system and may pursue additional spine specialization. Neurosurgical training, however, involves more extensive and specialized training focused specifically on the nervous system, including the spinal cord and nerve structures involved in cervical spine surgery.

Goodman Campbell is a global leader in neurosurgery, neurosurgical training and clinical research. Our experience extends across the spectrum of brain and spine conditions, allowing us to bring that depth of expertise to each patient’s evaluation and surgical plan.

Living with persistent neck or arm pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, or other neurological symptoms can leave you wondering whether surgery is the appropriate next step. The answer depends on much more than a single symptom or imaging result.

At Goodman Campbell, we evaluate each patient individually, taking into account your diagnosis, symptoms, imaging, overall health, and previous treatment. Whether your condition is straightforward or highly complex, you have access to a globally recognized neurosurgery team with extensive experience treating disorders of the spine and nervous system. Efficient scheduling helps you move from uncertainty toward answers and an individualized treatment plan.

For most patients, the first step is not necessarily deciding whether to have surgery, but rather, understanding what is causing their symptoms and which treatment options make sense for their specific condition. A thorough evaluation can help determine whether ACDF, another cervical spine procedure, or a nonsurgical approach may be appropriate, while giving you the opportunity to ask questions about potential benefits, risks, recovery, and what you can realistically expect from treatment.

If you are experiencing cervical spine symptoms, we can help you understand your diagnosis and treatment options. Call 317-396-1300 to speak with our team or request an appointment online.

If you are considering Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF), you probably have some questions about what to expect, what to consider, and how major the surgery actually is. Let’s dive in.  

Yes, ACDF is considered major surgery. The procedure is performed near the spinal cord and nerve roots, requires general anesthesia, and involves a period of recovery afterward.

But “major surgery” does not necessarily mean unusually dangerous surgery. ACDF is one of the most commonly performed and well-studied spine procedures, with a strong safety record when performed by an experienced neurosurgical team. In fact, most patients undergoing ACDF are able to return home the same day.

ACDF is designed to address the structural source of symptoms. During the procedure, your surgeon removes a damaged disc that is compressing a nerve root or the spinal cord, and then stabilizes the affected area of the cervical spine through fusion.

It is reasonable to have questions about ACDF surgery risks, particularly because the procedure takes place close to the spinal cord and nerves.

As with any major procedure, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion complications are possible. Temporary difficulty swallowing, or dysphagia, is the most common early side effect. Some patients may also experience temporary hoarseness. Other potential cervical spine surgery risks include:

Serious complications are uncommon. The surgical approach — which involves the surgeon accessing the cervical spine through the front of the neck — is designed to reach the affected disc without disturbing the spinal cord or major muscle groups.

Your individual risk depends on several factors, including your overall health and the specifics of your cervical spine condition. Your surgical team can discuss these considerations with you before surgery so you understand the potential benefits and risks.

Because ACDF is performed close to the spinal cord, nerve roots, and surrounding vascular structures, your surgeon’s training and experience matter.

Neurosurgeons undergo extensive, specialized training focused on the brain, spine, spinal cord, and nervous system. This training is more extensive and specialized than orthopedic surgical training, particularly when it comes to operating around delicate neurological structures.

Choosing an experienced neurosurgeon for ACDF can help ensure that the complexities of your cervical spine condition are carefully evaluated and that your surgical plan accounts for the sensitive structures surrounding the treatment area.

Recovery is an important consideration when thinking about undergoing ACDF. While individual timelines vary, the process generally involves gradually increasing activity while the neck and fusion heal.

Most patients can go home the same day or the day after surgery, depending on the extent of the procedure, their overall health, and how they are doing after surgery. During the first several weeks, patients  typically have activity restrictions as the surgical site and neck heal. Physical therapy may begin around six weeks after surgery, although timing varies and some patients may not need formal physical therapy. Your surgeon will determine when rehabilitation is appropriate based on your progress. 

Return to work also varies. Some patients with desk-based jobs may return to work within approximately 2 to 6 weeks, some with temporary restrictions. Jobs involving heavy lifting, repetitive neck movement, or other physical demands may require a longer recovery period. Although you may feel substantially better within weeks or months, the bone fusion itself takes considerably longer. Solid fusion can develop over several months and may take approximately 6 to 12 months to fully mature.

Your surgeon will monitor your recovery and provide individualized guidance about activity, work, and rehabilitation.

ACDF is a serious procedure in the sense that it requires preparation, anesthesia, and recovery. But for appropriately selected patients, it can help address the underlying structural cause of cervical nerve or spinal cord compression rather than simply managing symptoms.

The ACDF success rate and well-established safety profile can be reassuring for patients wondering, “Is ACDF surgery safe?” Your individual outcome, however, depends on your diagnosis, overall health, and other factors that your surgeon will evaluate.

For many patients, that balance is what makes ACDF worth considering. While surgery is never a decision to take lightly, treating the source of nerve or spinal cord compression may provide meaningful, lasting improvement in symptoms and function.

At Goodman Campbell, our globally recognized neurosurgery teams in Indiana and southeastern Wisconsin treat both straightforward and highly complex spine conditions. Our patients have direct access to their surgical team, and efficient scheduling can help you move seamlessly from evaluation toward answers and treatment — no separate referral needed.

If you are experiencing cervical spine symptoms, we can help you understand your diagnosis and treatment options. Call 317-396-1300 to speak with our team or request an appointment online.